Nomination – 1) the process of denoting ('naming') things, the linguistic part of which consists in the act of connecting a certain denotatum/designatum with a sign/designator. Typology of ns.:
a) according to the number of acts of n. a certain sign takes part in:
- - primary n.;
- - secondary nomination (q.v);
b) according to various linguistic means employed in n.:
- - lexical n. – n. of a concept by means of lexical items as opposed to concepts expressed grammatically;
- - propositive n. – expression of concepts of propositional nature by means of propositions.
2) a name; a linguistic unit denoting an extralinguistic entity. Typology of names:
According to the nature of extralinguistic entity denoted names/nominations can by subdivided into:
- names of classes vs. names of individual objects;
- names of objects vs. names of properties (qualities, features)
Secondary nomination – the process and the result of derivational processes in the vocabulary, when an already existing name is used for the second time to denote another referent. However, the term is assumed to be incorrect because for each referent the process of nomination is always a primary and the only act of nomination.
Although we can speak of secondary (or multiple) use of one the same name in nomination acts.
THEORY OF NOMINATION
The word, the phrase and the sentence are the basic nom.units of the lang., it means that they are united by nominative function, the ability to.
The process of nomination is going names to things, objects, phenomena, qualities, actions.
The process of semiosis- something serves as a sign.
It takes places when we address smb., exchange information, present something to somebody showing our love and respect, when a painter paints his picture, when we nod or shake our head.
Nomination and semiosis are performed simultaneously.
When we give name to an object we ascribe some meaning to it.
Our language reflects the structure of the world, but not directly, it reflects the world through our conceptual sphere => language reflects our conceptualization of the world.
Words are symbols, they represent objects.
There are 2 steps of conceptualization:
- The formation of a concept or an image.
- Establishing a link between the conception and the linguistic sign.
Nomination always presupposes idealization.
Idealization- the formation of abstractions.
Mental representation of objects, properties and relations- abstractions.
The results of this are reflected with the help of linguistic signs. Words mirror concepts through our perception of the world.
Conclusion:
- Languages are semiotic system which operate with signs.
- Signs are bilateral entities. They have signifier and signified ( the plane of content, the plane of expression).
- Signs convey some meaning which is enveloped in a certain form.
- Linguistic signs differ from each other according to the type of nomination and referential function which they form.
Nomination
- Universal. One word. (one object – one word)
- Multiverbal. more than one verb. a writing table. a mother-in-law
3 types of motivation of nomination:
- · Phonetic – onomatopoeic words
- · Morphological – derivatives (teach – teacher)
- · Semantic – direct & figurative meanings (foot of the mountain)
Primary and secondary nomination
Ex.: sputnik – primary
Flower bed – secondary (the metaphorical use, based on certain similarities observed by the speaker)
Прислала Алена Жильцова
